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Policy, Justice, and the Ballot Box: Why Lula’s Victory Matters for Black Brazil

For the more than 110 million Black and mixed-race Brazilians, the runoff result is deeply tied to the survival of racial justice and targeted public policy.

Graphic reading “Brasil Negro at the ballot box” with a ballot box, in ALAPA colors

Following a highly polarized presidential runoff, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva secured an unprecedented fourth term in a narrow victory against right-wing challenger Flávio Bolsonaro. While global headlines focused on democratic resilience and economic shifts, for the more than 110 million Black and mixed-race Brazilians—who make up over 56% of the population—the outcome is deeply intertwined with the survival of racial justice and targeted public policy.

More than half of Brazil is Black or mixed-race: 56 of every 100 Brazilians

The Shadow of Structural and “Recreational” Racism

The election took place against a backdrop of severe regression in racial equity, heavily marked by the rhetoric and actions of the Bolsonaro political dynasty. Under previous conservative governance, Brazil’s historical structural racism was frequently downplayed or explicitly weaponized.

Former President Jair Bolsonaro historically faced formal charges for inciting hatred against quilombolas (descendants of escaped enslaved people) after stating they were “not good for anything more than procreating.” The normalization of this rhetoric filtered into the legal sphere, culminating in a 2025 court ruling that ordered the elder Bolsonaro to pay damages for “recreational racism” after he publicly mocked a Black supporter’s hair.

Beyond verbal attacks, the opposition actively targeted the mechanisms meant to foster upward mobility for Afro-Brazilians. Opposition figures routinely attacked the university quota system—a cornerstone of educational equity—and stripped funding from cultural and monitoring bodies designed to protect marginalized communities. On a judicial level, changes to security policies effectively weakened accountability mechanisms for state security forces, creating what human rights advocates described as a “license to kill” that disproportionately endangered Black youth in the country’s favelas.

A Crucial Shift in Policy and Justice

Lula’s re-election represents an immediate policy firewall and a pathway toward systemic reform. For Black Brazil, his victory delivers key benefits in several critical areas:

  • Preservation of Institutions: The win directly protects the Ministry of Racial Equality, an institutional pillar dedicated to embedding anti-racist policies into federal governance.
  • Protection of Land Rights: Under the new administration, federal protections and land demarcations for quilombola communities are set to be restored and expanded, reversing attempts to strip these traditional populations of their constitutional territories.
  • Reinvestment in Social Safety Nets: By prioritizing structural inequality, Lula’s platform targets the massive racial disparities in income, employment, and public safety that heavily impact Afro-Brazilians.
  • Judicial Accountability: The outcome signals a shift away from militarized policing in marginalized communities toward legal and systemic accountability for state violence.

While the opposition faces ongoing Supreme Court and police investigations regarding separate corruption, money laundering, and campaign finance scandals, the electoral outcome ultimately served as a referendum on human rights. For a country with the largest population of African-descended people outside of Africa, Lula’s return to office ensures that the fight for racial justice remains an active, well-funded policy initiative rather than a dismissed grievance.

ALAPA, the Afro-Latino Association for Policy & Advocacy, is a New York nonprofit for Afro-Latinos across the Americas and the Caribbean.